名人雕塑@名人铜雕的历史？

2019.07.05

名人雕塑来自于古代人物石雕，名人雕塑的历史远，每一个千古流传的名人都可以制作成名人铜雕，中国的真正意义上的名人雕塑于本世纪从西方引进，"五四"新文化运动之风，顺便把肖像雕塑带入了我国。我国最早的一批留洋的老前辈在学成回国之后，陆续创作了各种各样的反映革命先驱，爱国志士，文化名人等肖像作品，拥抱了正在中国发生的反帝、反封建的进步文化运动，为民族解放的进步事业作出了贡献。中国肖像的真正高潮还是新中国成立以后至今的这五十年。二、三十年代留法、留日的人才班底，加上五十年代留苏的队伍，并结合中国的具体情况，共同构建了中国的写实主义体系。目前的八大美术院虽各有不同，但都属于一个大体系，这个体系就是过去常提的现实主义体系。这个体系首先突出的是扎实的写实基本功，以及源于生活，高于生活的创作方法。所有美术院校都将创作纪念性人物肖像作为主要教学课程之一。在此值得一提的是老一辈雕塑家在引进西洋写实雕塑的同时，倡导、弘扬并传授了民族传统雕塑的若干精华，为具像及肖像雕塑的民族化作了不懈的努力。这样一个体系培养出的学生，完全适应了新中国的社会文化建设的需要。雕塑家们创作了大量为社会作出了贡献的英雄、模范、工人、农民、士兵、知识分子、少数民族肖像，当然还创作了大量的领袖人物肖像，特别是文化大革命中席卷全国的毛泽东塑像热以及样板雕塑《收租院》、《农奴愤》等各地的阶级教育群雕，良好地将中国的写实雕塑队伍以及现实主义体系过渡到了改革开放的新时代。

The true sense of celebrity sculpture in China was introduced from the West in this century, and portrait sculpture was brought into our country by the way of the May 4th New Culture Movement. After returning home from their studies, the earliest group of Chinese elders who stayed abroad created various portraits reflecting revolutionary pioneers, patriots and cultural celebrities. They embraced the progressive cultural movement against imperialism and feudalism that is taking place in China and made contributions to the progressive cause of national liberation. The real climax of Chinese portraits is the fifty years since the founding of New China. In the 1920s and 1930s, the team of talents who stayed in France and Japan, together with the contingent of those who stayed in the Soviet Union in the 1950s, combined with the specific conditions of China, jointly constructed the realism system of China. Although the eight major art academies are different at present, they all belong to a general system, which is the system of realism often mentioned in the past. Firstly, this system highlights the solid basic skills of realism and the creative methods that originate from life and are higher than life. All art colleges take the creation of memorial portraits as one of the main teaching courses. It is worth mentioning that the older generation of sculptors, while introducing western realistic sculpture, advocated, carried forward and taught some of the essence of traditional national sculpture, and made unremitting efforts for the nationalization of sculpture and portrait sculpture. The students trained by such a system fully meet the needs of the social and cultural construction of New China. Sculptors created a large number of images of heroes, models, workers, peasants, soldiers, intellectuals and ethnic minorities who contributed greatly to society. Of course, they also created a large number of portraits of leaders, especially the Mao Zedong statue fever sweeping the whole country during the Cultural Revolution, as well as model sculptures such as Rent Collection Yard and Serf Anger. The class education group sculptures in all parts of the country have made a good transition to the new era of reform and opening up in China's realistic sculpture team and realist system.www.qingtongshidai.com